John R. Searle
John R. Searle is an American philosopher and former Willis S. and Marion Slusser Professor Emeritus of Philosophy of Mind and Language at the University of California, Berkeley. His work in the philosophy of language, intentionality, and consciousness reshaped twentieth-century debates on artificial intelligence.
In his 1980 paper “Minds, Brains, and Programs,” Searle introduced the Chinese Room thought experiment to demonstrate that formal symbol manipulation (syntax) does not generate intentional understanding or subjective meaning (semantics). He articulated the philosophical framework of Biological Naturalism in The Rediscovery of the Mind (1992), asserting that consciousness is a real, higher-level biological phenomenon caused by lower-level neurobiological processes in the brain, possessing an irreducible first-person ontology.
Searle’s position directly opposes computational functionalism, holding that simulating mental states on silicon digital computers has no more causal power to produce actual subjective consciousness than running a computer simulation of a rainstorm has to make the computer wet.
Known for. The Chinese Room Argument (1980), Biological Naturalism, Syntax is not semantics, The Rediscovery of the Mind (1992)
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Every researcher covered on this site is indexed in the directory of consciousness researchers, grouped by the position their published work defends. The positions themselves are set out in the index of consciousness theories.